Step 1
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Line baking sheets with parchment paper.
Step 2
In a medium bowl whip egg yolks and 1/4 cup of sugar with an electric mixer until thick and pale. In a separate bowl whip egg whites (with clean beaters) to soft peaks. Gradually sprinkle in the remaining 1/2 cup sugar while whipping to medium stiff peaks. Fold the egg yolk mixture into the egg whites. Gently fold in the flour and 1 teaspoon vanilla. The batter should be thick and pale yellow.
Step 3
Trace two 9 inch circles onto the parchment paper using a cake pan as a guide. Spread or pipe batter to completely fill inside the lines of the circles. Batter should be about 1/2 inch tall.
Step 4
Load the remaining batter into a pastry bag fitted with a half inch tip or hole. Draw parallel lines onto another piece of parchment that are 3 inches apart. Pipe the batter back and forth just between the lines in a compressed S motion until you run out of batter. This is the part that wraps around the outside of the cake. (It helps to have it in one piece but you can pipe individual fingers using the guidelines drawn on the paper if you prefer.) There may be extra.
Step 5
Bake in preheated oven 10 to 15 minutes until firm but not browned. Remove from the oven and dust generously with confectioners' sugar. Set aside to cool.
Step 6
To make the syrup stir together 1 cup sugar boiling water coffee and 1/4 cup rum until sugar is dissolved. Set aside.
Step 7
To make the filling combine mascarpone 2 cups confectioners' sugar dark rum and 1 teaspoon vanilla in a large bowl. Whisk together until completely smooth scraping the bottom of the bowl to remove any lumps. Gradually whisk in the heavy cream. Whip with an electric mixer until soft peaks form. Stop whipping when the mixture shows the first sign of graininess.
Step 8
To assemble line the sides of a 9-inch springform pan with parchment or waxed paper. Place one of the ladyfinger rounds in the bottom of the pan. Brush generously but do not soak completely with syrup. Place the 3-inch high ladyfinger strips around the inside edge of the pan so that the sides are completely covered. Brush generously with syrup.
Step 9
Spread half of the filling mixture over the first ladyfinger round in the pan. Place the remaining ladyfinger round on top of the filling. Soak the second ladyfinger round with syrup until it cannot take any more. Spread the remaining filling over that and smooth the top. Sprinkle with grated chocolate. Refrigerate at least 4 hours.
Step 9
To serve remove the sides of the pan and carefully remove the parchment or waxed paper from the outside of the cake. Dust with confectioners' sugar just before serving.